completely modified by collecting and transforming massive amounts of

inorganic materials. Numerous metals, minerals, and fossil fuels are

mined, filtered, dug, and pumped from the earth. They are then burned,

hammered, soldered, melted, restructured, and recombined to create the

machines, structures, and artifacts of the modern world.

We are now adding living human material to the inorganic matter

being transformed in our system of production. Advances in gene

technology have enabled us to begin the engineering and commodification

of the over 100,000 genes of the human body as well as the genetic makeup

of all other living things (Yount, 50). With current genetic engineering

technology, it is becoming possible to snip, insert, recombine, rearrange,

edit, program, and produce genetic materials in almost the same way as

our ancestors were able to separate, collect, utilize, and exploit inorganic

Without question, genetic engineering represents the ultimate tool in

reproduction. Scientists are not just cloning genes, they have discovered

factories to produce valuable human body parts. Many feel that cross-

(Kimbrell, 145). It extends humanity’s reach over the forces of nature, and

The use of biotechnology also creates the likely for important social

Some topics in this essay:
Francis Crick, , genetic engineering, human body, history scientists, genes human, human genetic, inorganic materials, living organisms, genetically engineered, social economic, double helix,