The Australian wine industry is heavily influenced by biophysical, economic and political factors. Climate, topography, soil quality, drought, weeds, pests, global trends, competition, legislation, taxes and so on all have huge impacts on the future of viticulture in Australia.

The biophysical factors determine where grapes for wine can and can’t be grown. It is the most uncontrollable factor influencing the wine industry all over the world. Although technology enables ideal growing conditions to extend to areas without ideal climates, it is still largely uncontrollable.

Local weather conditions determine the length of the growing season. Although factors such as the type of grape, soil type etc. can be controlled, the weather changes day-to-day, climatic pattern vary from year-to-year. Weather is important from the first day of the season until the grapes have matured.

With the demand for different types of wine, grapes can be grown in varying climates from cold, warm to very hot conditions depending on the type of wine being produced.

Another important consideration is the availability of water. The type of water also impacts on the grapes. Water that is too saline has detrimental effects on grapes.

At the international level, there is only one major body governing the market. In Australia there are several significant groups.

Vineyards in cooler areas do not require as much water as those in warm/hot areas. Vineyards in cool regions only need about one megalitre of water while those in warmer regions need in excess of six mega litres.

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