Malcolm X
Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. His mother, Louise Little was born in Grenada, a city in the British West Indies. His father, Earl Little was a very dark skinned man from Reynolds, Georgia who married Louise just after the birth of young Malcolm. Earl Little was a Baptist minister and organizer for Marcus Garvey. Marcus Garvey wanted and believed that all African-Americans should go back to the “home land”, Africa. Earl’s teachings of Garvey’s movement caused the whole family to be terrorized by the Ku Klux Klan. To avoid any more harassment be the group, Earl Little moved his family to Lansing, Michigan. Earl’s dreams of getting away from the white racists didn’t come true. Michigan’s chapter of the group beat Earl Little brutally with a hammer and left him for dead on a railroad track. Alone with no money, Louise Little was left to provide for her children, but the task proved too difficult and she had a nervous breakdown. The white authorities sent her to a mental institution. The Little children were forced to separate. Malcolm Little lived with a number of deferent families. All of Malcolm’s family was separated and he attended school until eig
The Nation of Islam constantly harassed Malcolm and his family. One night in February 1965, the Nation of Islam threw a bomb inside Malcolm X’s house and burned the house down. The Nation of Islam was very focused on their goal, to kill Minister Malcolm X. Malcolm X was announced the national minister for the Nation of Islam and other Ministers of the Nation, especially his close friend, Minister Baines, grew jealous. Elijah Muhammad also became afraid of his best minister who proved to be more famous then he himself. Tensions rose within the Black Muslims, and Malcolm X was sentenced by Muhammad to 90 days of silence after commenting on the assassination of John F. Kennedy by saying “chickens come home to roost.” During the silence, Malcolm decided to leave the nation because of the jealousy of his fellow Muslims. Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam to form the Muslim Mosque, Inc., his own group of Muslims in March of 1964. He began to advocate a more basic black nationalism and said that blacks should control the politics within their own community. Through his speeches, he encouraged his followers to make changes by voting. Roxbury proved to be too small for Malcolm, and in 1942 he took a job as a railroad dining car porter. He was working out of Roxbury and New York when he settled in Harlem. Settling in Harlem, New York, he became more and more involved in criminal activities. He robbed, worked as a pimp, and sold narcotics. While in prison, Malcolm met a man named Minister Baines. Minister Baines taught Malcolm about that Nation of Islam and caught his attention with the teachings of the leader of the organization, Elijah Muhammad. The Black Muslims, also known as the “Nation of Islam”, had branches in Detroit, Chicago, and New York. Malcolm and Baines corresponded with Muhammad by mail do to the location of their prison. Malcolm’s brothers, Philbert and Reginald constantly visited Malcolm in prison and they urged him to join the Nation of Islam. He listened to his brothers and joined the group. With his newfound religion, he discarded his “slave name,” Little, and took the new name, “X”. Malcolm chose the name “X” because when the slave masters obtained their slaves, the slaves were given the master’s last name. According to Malcolm, “X” stood for the unknown name because he did not know what his actual last name was. While waiting for his parole date, Malcolm decided to improve his knowledge by reading encyclopedias and studied plenty of books as well as the Koran (the Muslim book of laws and history). He also followed the Nation’s strict dietary laws and moral codes. He made parole in 1952 and undertook organizational work for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm gradually spoke to strangers on the street and under the guidance of Elijah Muhammad, Minister Malcolm X founded mosque temples in Boston, Philadelphia, Harlem, and ot
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Approximate Word count = 1961
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)
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