When thinking on the term "revolutionary," what comes to mind? Perhaps an invention of some sorts, or a movement that brings about peace and prosperity at its conclusion. However, instances that bring about change for the worse are usually regarded to as a setback or downfall. This is true in the case of Pope Gregory VII (aka Hildebrand). Hildebrand believes himself to be a revolutionary reformer when, in fact, he delays the progression of an era.
Before Gregory VII, the doctrine of royal theocracy justified lay investiture, thus making lay investiture acceptable to clergymen as well as to royalty. Henry III had been very generous with many bishops, g
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