Pius IX was elected to the papacy in 1846, a very unstable time in Italian history. Although Pius was the first of the modern popes, who held little modern ideas, he managed to retain a place in the hearts of most Catholics at the time. Pius IX continually stressed the teachings and moral lessons of Catholicism. In 1854, Pius wrote The Immaculate Conception of Mary, a Christian document that absolved the Virgin Mary from the fall of Adam and original sin. This document served to increase the gap between Roman Catholics and both Protesta
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