Roosevelt
After the Wall Street Crash in 1933 the American economy collapsed and fell into a state of depression. There were a number of problems in 1933 – all of which stemmed from the slump which followed the Wall Street Crash. Firstly, there was no confidence in the money system, or in the banks. In total 1500 banks had been closed and nine million men and women lost their savings because the banks had collapsed.Putting your money in an open bank would be almost like giving your money away because nobody knew when the next bank was going to close. The people in America needed immediate relief. A once strong and prosperous country had been reduced to a country living in poverty and grief. The Americans were not used to this type of life style and they were not prepared for it either. The Americans needed to be rescued from the depression and they needed it immediately. Also because of the depression, millions had lost their jobs and could not find work anywhere else. At this time, not only were the workers not doing too well; farmers were also being destroyed because the prices for products such as wheat and corn were far too low. It didn´t even pay off for the farmers to shift the harvest from the fields because of the low prices. A
Roosevelt also had opposition from the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court were alarmed at the amount of power Roosevelt had gained and said that he was behaving like a dictator. The Supreme Court was constantly declaring Roosevelt´s New Deal laws as unconstitutional. Roosevelt was not happy with this because the judges in the Supreme Court were undoing all the work he had done. Roosevelt then threatened to retire all of the judges who were over 70 hoping to replace them with younger ones (who would be more willing to agree with him). Because of this threat Roosevelt had even more opposition than before. However, the judges didn´t declare any of Roosevelt´s laws unconstitutional after the threat. solution was needed which would help both working men and farmers. Because of the disastrous consequences that the depression had, welfare schemes were needed as a backup which would prevent and ‘cushion´ the effects of future depressions. In the early 1930s, America was in distress and needed urgent help. The person to help America out of the depression and on the way to becoming an economically strong and prosperous society was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Within the ‘100 Days´ relief program, there was also a rapid program of legislation which would help solve the country´s problems. The other Acts within the ‘100 Days´ were the AAA, TVA, HOLC and NIRA (these Acts/schemes will be explained later). All of these schemes were aimed to bring relief to as many people as they could and to bring the relief quickly. Unemployment was also a major problem in America in the 1930s. Firstly, there was immediate relief for the unemployed through a 500 million dollar Federal aid. Roosevelt knew that this aid was only temporary so he introduced huge public work schemes to keep unemployment down. There were three main work schemes to provide jobs for the unemployed. The Civilian Conservation Corps (C.C.C.) set up work camps which would provide work for the young. The type of work they had was forestry, prevention of erosion etc. The Civilian Works Administration (C.W.A.) was a work creation programme for 4 million men. However, these jobs were of little value. The C.W.A. was replaced by the Works Progress Administration (W.P.A.) The W.P.A. conducted large public works. It gave jobs to about 2 million people and kept them busy on projects such as schools, roads, Dams, community schemes etc. The W.P.A. also had work for artists, actors, writers etc. The WP.A. employed people and gave them back their self-respect. All of these schemes were “pump-primers “. The government ‘pumped´ money into the economy which would encourage the economy to start up again The best example to show the success of the public work schemes is the T.V.A. (Tennessee Valley Authority). Farmland in the Tennessee Valley had become very poor because of over-cultivation, flooding and soil erosion. Only one farm in 50 had electricity and half its population of 2.5 million people was living below the poverty line. The T.V.A. was an ambitious policy intended to provide cheap electricity, stop floods, and to make the soil fertile again. Twenty dams were built to generate electricity and millions of trees planted to prevent further soil erosion
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Approximate Word count = 2194
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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