Economics “is the study of how best to use limited means in the pursuit of unlimited ends”.

Our necessities in life are few, but our wants are endless. It is nonsense to assign top priority to everything. One must choose the most desirable alternative among the possibilities permitted by scare resources available, this is referred to as an optimal decision.

( I ) Scarcity, Choice, and Opportunity Cost

The resources available for decision-makers are always scarce (limited), and as result everyone has to make hard decisions. This is the fundamental problem of any economy, the scarcity of available resources.

Resources “are the instruments provided by nature or by people that are used to create goods and services”. The main types of resources are often referred to as land, labor, and capital, they are also called inputs or factors of production. Resources mainly include the following:

• Natural resources include minerals, soil, water and air.

• Labor is a scare resource because of time and skills limitations (the day has only 24 hours, and the number of skilled workers are limited).

While different societies pursue the goal of economic efficiency in different ways, one source of efficiency is specialization, which is the consequence of the division of labor.

Some topics in this essay:
Money Cost, Entire Society, FF GG, Opportunity Cost, Single Firm, Concept Efficiency, Tasks Market, Economic Growth, PPF PPF, Economy Allocation, opportunity cost, production possibilities frontier, possibilities frontier, production possibilities, scare resources, scarcity choice, available resources, principle increasing, land labor, brown shoes, economic growth, principle increasing costs, measured money terms, money terms terms, price measured money,