The first topic of discussion is the self-imposed, or self-inflicted, self-fulfilling prophecy. This idea follows that if one has a preconception or notion of an outcome, then chances are that person will raise the possibility of making it so. Take for example these cases-in-hand that Channing Grigsby, teacher of self-esteem speaks of:

‘I can’t handle this.’ And guess what? We don’t handle it

Additionally, and antithetically, consider the example of the student studying for a mathematics test the following morning whose belief is that since he is and has been studying and has a good working knowledge of the subject area, that he will do well on the test and does so the following morning. When compared to another student doing the same but is less prepared and knowledgeable in the area and additionally thinks that he will fail and did, he performed better because of his positive expectation and preparedness. Take a moment to reconsider the inclusion of the idea of preparation in the example. Here, preparation is just as important a factor to consider because it is a variable that can greatly surpass the influence of the self-fulfilling prophecy. The other student who did not prepare well and did not know the material as well would have failed anyway, despite how great of preconceived thoughts he may have had. In this case, because the conception or expectation was u!

Additionally, that “to a great extent, we are what we believe we are” (Looking Out, Looking In 71).

well. If I tell myself I won’t have a good time at the party I’m going to, I am likely to behave in ways that generate exactly that reality, eliciting from other people indifferent responses, proving my premise. (“A Course in Self-Esteem” 5)

Next, consider self-fulfilling prophecies imposed by others. Or restated, those thoughts about one’s self that are consequential of others communicated beliefs. Take for example, the case presented by some psychologists in their study of whether catharsis, aggression and persuasive influence are self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies. In the particular section in the article, the authors speak of how in one scenario:

Lastly, let one consider how the idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy helps to mold one’s character. As one travels through life, he will undoubtedly encounter moments where he finds that what he thinks will occur, does, whether because it is self-imposed or imposed by others. Oftentimes, it is probably because of those conceptions that he had before having the experience. Regardless of the conceptions, however, what is perhaps best to advise is that when one finds oneself making pre-judgements, that one makes realistically positive

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