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Surveying Western Art

Egypt marked the passage of time with kings and dynasties as evidenced in Egyptian art. Egyptian monumental art began on a large scale with Pharaonic rule, originating when King Narmer (Menes) united Upper and Lower Egypt. Egyptian kings were considered gods and were depicted as such in art of the time as is seen in the Palette of Narmer. King Narmer is the largest figure with his head and legs in profile view, and his eye and upper torso in frontal view (Adams, p.47-48). The history of Egypt has been divided by modern scholars into Predynastic Period (5450-3100 B.C.) Early Dynastic Period (3100-2649 B.C.), followed by the Old Kingdom (2649-2150 B.C.), Middle Kingdom (1991-1700 B.C.), New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.) and the Late Dynastic Period (688-332 B.C.). These periods included "intermediate periods" (2143-1991 B.C., 1699-1641 B.C., and 1070-660 B.C.) of anarchy and foreign domination (Adams, p.47). The art of the Predynastic period consisted mainly of painted pottery and figurines, ivory carvings, slate cosmetic palettes, and finely worked flint weapons (http:/infoplease.lycos.com/ce6/ent/A0857914.html). During the later part of the Dynastic period, sculptors began to carve monolithic figures of the gods from limestone,


During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth dynasties, the Egyptians built their most imposing temples in Nubia. During the last hundred years of the New Kingdom (1170-1070 B.C.), Egypt and Nubia declined. The economic and artistic high point of this period is referred to as Merotic (Adams p. 63). Meroe Pyramids were derived from Egyptian pyramids but were more impressive although they were smaller than the Old Kingdom Egyptian royal pyramids.

During the course of the Roman Empire, a new religion was born. This new religion, Christianity, was legally sanctioned by Constantine the Great in A.D. 313. Christianity dominated Western art and culture, and new conventions of style were developed, expressing the new Christian message (Adams, p 149).

The aesthetic ideal based on the representation of human character as an expression of a divine system embodying a rational ethic and ordered reality was integral to the culture during the Classical Period (450-400 B.C.). The most magnificent original sculptures from this period are those from the temples of the Athenian acropolis. A change in artistic style coincided with the Persians' final departure from Greek. The new developments of this new style can be seen in the marble Kritios Boy reflecting a moment in self-awareness in Greek history marked by the change from Archaic to Early Classical. Changing from marble to bronze for large-scale sculpture marked another development in the Early Classical period (Adams, p. 90).

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Approximate Word count = 2149
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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