The English Revolution
The English Revolution or as it is also referred to English Civil War began in 1642 in England under the rule of Charles I. The war began due to a conflict began Charles and the Parliament. Many other causes for the revolution are attributed to many social, economic, constitutional, and religious developments over the last century. The more important constitutional issue in the war was between a king who claimed to rule by divine right and a Parliament that claimed the right to govern the nation independent of the crown. Divine Right is a concept that monarchs are Godson earth and therefore are answerable only to god. At the time Charles had just come from Scotland, where he and his family, the Stuarts, had ruled. In Scotland Charles had complete control over all decisions made about the kingdom and the monarchy, now he was being told, by a non-monarch Parliament what to do and what kind of policy to dictate. Charles thought the parliament unfair and improper. He was in charge, not a group of non-monarchs. That immediate cause sparked parliaments protests, which occurred in 1637 when Charles tried to impose the Anglican liturgy of Scotland into a very Presbyterian society. The Presbyterians almost immediately rioted and then sign
In June 1647, the Scots turned him over to Parliament. The king rejected Parliament’s conditions for his return to power; his stubbornness made the Parliament even more angry. The Scottish forces soon left and the army, more independent in religion and politics than the Presbyterians who controlled Parliament, seized the king. During the following political debates, Charles escaped. He made an alliance with the Scots, who promised to restore him to the throne if he promised to make Presbyterianism the official religion of both kingdoms. The second civil war took place in 1648, with the army and Parliament fighting against Scotland and the king. A Scottish army invaded England, but was defeated by Cromwell in a battle at Preston, August 17 through 19, 1648. Other Cavalier opposition was soon suppressed by the Parliament army. The Parliament army now had gained complete control and now began to rid the Parliament of Presbyterian followers. The remaining group of the new Parliament, known as the “rump”, began to write a commission to try the king for treason. He was found guilty and executed on January 30th, 1649. The new Parliament wrote a declaration to declare England a Commonwealth State. The king’s death deeply affected the people and made the formation of a stable government more difficult. The first task was to put down the rebellion in Ireland, begun in 1641. This Cromwell and his army did with grim efficiency, killing all who resisted at Drogheda and Wexford. The Scots, meanwhile, had denounced the king’s execution and named his son, Charles II, as his successor. Cromwell subdued the Scots in two battles, at Dunbar in 1650 and Worcester in 1651. Th
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Approximate Word count = 1129
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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