Causes of the Civil War
The failure of the Unites States to deal with the issue of slavery may have been the single most important issue leading to the Civil War. Between 1790 and the Civil War, plantation agriculture expanded, therefore, so did the demand for slaves. Almost 1/3 of all Southern families owned slaves. That number approached 1/2 in South Carolina and Mississippi. The total number of slave owners was around 385,000. The Southern economy was almost entirely based on slaves and the slave trade. More money was invested in slavery than machinery, as opposed to the North, which was going through an industrial revolution. However, not everyone was in favor of slavery. Many wanted to abolish the practice, including many whites. Some of the most famous abolitionists were Fredrick Douglas, who founded the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star n 1847, William Lloyd Garrison, who began the anti-slavery society Liberator in 1821, and Harriet Beecher Stowe, who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. Some believed that it would take bloodshed to root out the evil slavery. On August 22, 1831, Nat Turner and a group of slaves from Southampton, Virginia escaped and killed 60 white men. Within 48 hours, the slaves were captured. Nat Turner and his f
However, slavery was not the only cause of the Civil War. There were many other factors. some remote and some proximate. Cultural and economic differences were one of the remote causes. The South was an agricultural society, based on slavery. All institutes were based on the promotion and maintenance of slavery. The North, however, has become an industrial society, based on free wage and labor. The North controlled 92% of the nation’s industry. It also had twice the amount of railroad, controlled 2/3 of the nation’s money supply, the army, and the navy. Another problem was that many people had different interpretations of the Constitution. John Calhoun and many other Southerner’s supported the Contract Theory, which stated that since the original 13 states voluntarily entered the Constitution, they could voluntarily leave. Politics were also very different between the North and the South. The Southern slave owners dominated until 1860 when the North began rapid expansion, and more free territories entered. This meant more Northern n Senators and members of the House of Representatives. Two of the more direct causes of the Civil War were the 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln as a republican , and the attack on Fort Sumter. Lincoln was elected to the White House on November 6, 1860. He did not support slavery, but maintained he had no intentions of banning it, mostly for fear of losing supporters. Fort Sumter was a fort controlled by Northerners, but located on Southern territory. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregarde and his troops filled Fort Sumter. It badly needed to be restocked. However, Lincoln’s military advisors warned against it for fear it might provoke the Southerner’s into firing. Lincoln decided to go ahead and restock, and let the Southerners take the first show so that it would go down in the record books that the South fired the first shot, and began the Civil War.
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Approximate Word count = 1737
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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