Tinnitus occurrence and characteristics vary from person to person. The sound may be continuous or fluctuating and it can occur in one or both ears. Pitches range from low roars to high chirps and are experienced by people of all ages. There are two types of tinnitus that can be experienced. They are referred to as objective tinnitus and subjective tinnitus. Objective tinnitus is a rare form caused by “abnormalities in blood vessels around the outside of the ear or by muscle spasms, which may sound like clicks or crackling inside the middle ear”. (American Academy of Otolaryngology) Other people besides the affected individual can often hear the ringing noise as well. Sub

is to be to block the perception of tinnitus before it reaches the level of the cerebral cortex.

Jean Marie Gaspard Itard (1775-1838) is credited with documenting one of the first most formal and in-depth discussions on tinnitus. Itard believed that there were three kinds of tinnitus: true tinnitus, false tinnitus, and fantastic tinnitus. According to Itard, true tinnitus was usually caused by a pulsation of arteries and/or the escaping of air from the ear theory. He believed that true tinnitus had only temporary treatments such as footbaths, leeches applied to legs or jugular vein, and cold douches to the head. Itard described false tinnitus as being the most common form. It was usually caused by damage to the eighth cranial nerve and/or noise exposure. Treatment for false tinnitus was the application of ether to the external ear, but Itard said himself, that this was often unsuccessful. He had the most success when he would use masking noises on these patients at night so they would be able to sleep better. Itard’s final classification of tinnitus was fantasti!

jective tinnitus, on the other hand, is much more common, yet less understood. (Caster, 2000) The noises accompanied with this form of tinnitus are only heard by the individual. Subjective tinnitus may be accompanied by other conditions such as otosclerosis or Menier’s syndrome.

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