For at least two thousand years Jews were dispersed all over the world. Some of them unacceptably joined with other nations. Yet many kept their identity as a nation by staying loyal to their religious faith and by their desire to survive as one people preserving common racial features and culture. Israeli society has been shaped by immigration patterns, more than most other countries. Changes in the rates of immigration and the characteristics of immigrants are critical for understanding each of the major themes that guide the analysis of the population. So the multi-cultures that comprise the state of Israel finally had a chance to immigrate to Israel when in 1950 the Israeli parliament called the Knesset passed a law authorizing citizenship for anyone who settles in Israel. However, there were continuous conflicts on defining the criteria for citizenship and thus identifying the real Jew. There were a lot of debates and questions concerning this issue inside Israel: "Landmark court cases have narrowed the issue but have not resoled it. A 1970 amendment to the law of return includes non- -Jewish spouses, children, and grandchildren of Jew's. Professed Jews with Jewish mothers or

In order to create a country in 120 years must have taken a lot of planning to begin with. One of the most successful plans that was I believe the concrete base in which such a nation was built on are the settlements. They performed a rapid transformation of the landscape and due to the planning, design, functions and interrelations between inhabitants these settlements were very prosperous. Groups of similar backgrounds were assigned to the same area in order to produce a maximum group effort. The main three settlement types were the kibbutz, moshav and the moshav *censored*tufi. The kibbutz was established in the year 1921 as a community based on an agricultural way of life but with the potential of turning into industrial. The moshav is a smaller agricultural cooperation which mainly depended on the Jewish national fund and government land ( in other words Palestinian lands), in which a member family has an individual home and a piece of land of which they produce from. The last but not least type of settlements are the moshav *censored*tufi, they combined features of the other two types where members have individual homesteads but conduct agriculture and economy as collective unit

transitional, as they have been to previous waves of immigrants.

These immigration patterns created two new ethnic communities among Jews in Israel: European Americans and Asian Africans. Social class distinctions, linkages to specific cultures, according to origin, and the ethnic networks that sustain them have marked the divisions. The combination of country of origin differences plus those reinforced, institutionalized, or created by the state are the critical dimensions in the transition from immigrant to ethnic group.

The newly immigrants of that time were of higher levels, and so more attention was given to housing, jobs, and university level education. There was this political challenge which encouraged more immigration waves, which was accomplished during the last mass immigration stream in 1989 when 475,000 Jews immigrated into the country which was the highest number of Jews to immigrate from one country.

Some topics in this essay:
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