The first case study is about a woman in her mid-thirties named Annie. This particular interview was asking the questions about your home-life, while you lived with a parent who has an alcohol problem. Annie spoke of her father who was an acid drinker. He would drink Monday through Saturday, if the money were available. On one occasion they all went to the pub wither father. There they watched him to drink five to six pints of beer and couple of whiskies, which he said was moderate. Annie’s mother, who worked in a shop and as a cleaner for a children’s home. She also had a drinking prob

John’s father was regularly violent with him; he used sticks, canes, and even kicking him at times. “A regime of terror” as John described it. Both John and his mother were hospitalized at one time or another following attacks. This went on for years until John sixteen now, “lost his head” and attacked his father.

In cases like these a happy ending is hard to find. Annie is gradually getting better and she is happy with what she has in the way of family and friends. She is looking forward to her children going to school and her having free time. “I’m optimistic, I feel I’ve got every reason to be optimistic after having such a bad time in the past”. (Velleman and Orford, 1999,6) John too is doing better at present he describes himself as having a hectic social life. He was also able to describe friendships and a close relationship with a special someone. In John’s case it seem relationships keep him going. (Velleman and Orford 1999, 8) Now you have to realize they both still have struggles with drinking but it has improved.

Well needless to say, this was the beginning of a downward spiral. The case gets better but not without a series of problems first. A nervous breakdown, anxiety attacks, shyness, lack of confidence, panicky and depression. These are all signs of a soon to be drinking problem.(Velleman and Orford,1999, 1-3)

Six studies employed physical stressors, five used shock and one used noise. Let us take a look at the one, which used noise. The dependant measure of stress-response dampening in the study using aversive noise was latency to learn an escape response in a human shuttle box apparatus. Varying the controllability of the noise used a learned helplessness paradigm. Dose and timing of alcohol delivery (before and after exposure to uncontrollable noise) were also manipulated. The groups that received the moderate dose of alcohol before exposure to uncontrollable noise showed less impairment

Some topics in this essay:
John John’s, , Annie John’s, Leonard Blane, Annie Annie, Indicating SRD, Velleman Orford, exposure uncontrollable noise, family drinking, social life, lack confidence, velleman orford, annie spoke, john’s father, exposure uncontrollable, drinking choice, uncontrollable noise,