In 1906 the Pure Food and Drug Act required accurate labeling of patent medicines and tonics. Various laws restricting opium (the plant from which morphine is derived) were enacted. The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 prohibited possession of narcotics unless properly prescribed by a physician. Despite possession of narcotics unless properly prescribed by a physician. Despite legislation and laws, morphine maintained much of its popularity until heroin came into use. Is believed to be a cure for morphine addiction.

Chemically, morphine (sulfate) consists of 7,8-didehydro 4,5-epoxy 17-mtehyl-morphinian and 3,6-diol sulfate pentahydrate. Morphine’s chemical formula is C17 H19 O3 N. There is a presence of double ethylenic bond in morphine. The drug contains a methylated tertiary-amine nitrogen atom. A

Morphine is extremely similar to Codeine

Another drug that is very similar to morphine both chemically and practically is codeine. This drug has almost all of the same indications and side effects as morphine. It is, however, used more than morphine across the globe due to its not as harsh side effects. Codeine is the most widely used, naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment in the world. This alkaloid is found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. However, most codeine used in the United States is produced from morphine. Codeine is also the starting material for the production of two other narcotics, dihydrocodeine and hydrocodone.

Codeine is medically prescribed for the relief of moderate pain and cough suppression. Compared to morphine, codeine produces less analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression, and is usually taken orally. It is made into tablets either alone (Schedule II) or in combination with aspirin or acetaminophen (i.e., Tylenol with Codeine, Schedule III). As a cough suppressant, codeine is found in a number of liquid preparations (these products are in Schedule V). Codeine is also used to a lesser extent as an injectable solution for the treatment of pain. Codeine products are diverted from legitimate sources and are encountered on the illicit market.

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