If the theory of their existence is true, black holes are the most influential force in the known physical universe. The majority of people are familiar with the term black hole, but only a small minority of people actually know anything about them. A black hole forms as a result of an immense star running out of fuel to burn. If a star is no longer exerting outward force, it begins to collapse under its own powerful inward gravity. A common analogy is the effect of letting the air out of a balloon. Once the star is compacted to a certain size, while it’s mass, or weight, remains the same, it’s gravity becomes so powerful that nothing can escape it (Hawking, 87). Stephen Hawking is the foremost authority on black hole phenomena and relativity. When a black hole is formed in this way, an imperceptible barrier, or line around it exists. If any object crosses this line, it can no longer escape the gravitational force of the black hole (Hawking, 87).

In 1915, Albert Einstein set forth the first proposition of black holes in his “Theory of Relativity”. In the 1934 three physicists, Volkoff, Snyder and Oppenheimer, proved the legitimacy of black holes mathematically. In recent years bl

All bodies in space have a gravitational force exerted upon them. In accordance with Einstein’s “Theory of Relativity”, this is because bodies that are very massive actually warp space. For example, if you have a two dimensional sheet of cloth, which represents space, and a bowling ball is placed at the center, the sheet will warp downward. If you then take a golf ball and set it at the edge of the sheet and allow it to move freely, it will always be attracted toward the bowling ball. The only exception is if the golf ball is traveling at a speed great enough to not be effected by the curve of the sheet. This critical speed is called an escape velocity. A body’s escape velocity is the speed at which it must travel to break out of a body’s gravitational force. Mathematically escape velocity can be expressed as the square root of its mass, divided by its radius. Given that a black hole’s size is always decreasing and its weight is always unchanged, its escape velocity is infinite. Basically this means that nothing can escape a black hole’s gravitational pull, not even light. Light is made up of waves and particles. It was discovered, in 1676, by Danish astronomer, Ole Christenson, that light travels at a very high, but finite speed (Hawking, 18). These properties provide evidence that light must be subjected to forces of nature, such as gravity. Light travels at three hundred million meters per second and it is not observably affected by gravity under ordinary conditions. A black hole’s gravity is powerful enough to trap light because it’s escape velocity, being infinite, exceeds the speed of light (Hawking, 82). Th

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