Banks use Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT); known as Bank Automatic Clearing System (BACS) in the UK

Businesses use Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

Secure, but expensive, private Value Added Networks (VANs) connecting Trading Partners (TPs) as illustrated in Figure 1.

Monthly rental plus per-transaction charge.

Moving onto the Internet/WWW changes the business model => Intranets => Extranets => Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).

According to Schneider & Perry [Schneider 2000], this started in pre-history when our ancestors decided to specialise their everyday activities and so Self-sufficiency => Bartering => Currency => Commerce. Figure 2 considers a commercial transaction from two points of view.

Buyer\'s Standpoint Seller\'s Standpoint

Perishable food products Investment and insurance Hardware

Some topics in this essay:
Business Processes, E-commerce Strategies, E-commerce E-commerce, XXX Search, Auctions Classified, Travel Video, E-commerce Laws, Disadvantages Potential, Sources Improve, Network Monthly, business processes, electronic commerce, advantages disadvantages, framework e-commerce, traditional commerce, advantages disadvantages e-commerce, purchase complex, figure 6, e-commerce applications, negotiate purchase, on-line banking, negotiate purchase complex,