The lands along the Nile were rich enough to be farmed, so over time the people started to grow crops. They found ways to store the yearly floodwaters and then use them for the dry seasons. The farmers learned to lift water out of the Nile or wells and send it across the fields through a system of canals. In order for all of this to work out they had to work together, no one could do any of it alone. So as the farmers and people began to cooperate, an organization began to grow. They found leaders among them who directed the work. A form of government developed and due to that they soon began to build cities, to manufacture things, in time to trade with their neighbors.

That is how it all started. Over a period from 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C. they grew in culture, arts, religion, science, medicine, and many other fields. The early Egypti

Their art is what makes ancient Egyptians popular today among other things. What they are also known by is their writing and calculations. They used a form of writing called hieroglyphics. The script is made of about 750 signs, which include pictures of people, animals, plants, and objects. The last priests who wrote in this way died in about A.D. 400, and the ability to read hieroglyphics died with them. The Egyptians were a practical people, and to them knowledge was important because it was useful. They needed ways to measure their fields, and predict the size of their crops, and figure out supplies, so they created a simple arithmetic and geometry. There were only 7 signs for numbers. There was no zero and no multiplication or division. To multiply they added the number to itself as many times as needed. They did use fractions. They developed engineering and numerical skills in building the pyramids. Their concern with religion and the need for arranging a calendar of festivals led to their interest in astronomy. By careful observation, they learned the movements of some stars, and charted the skies. One of their greatest achievements was their creation of a calendar. It is very close to the ones we have today. They set the beginning of the year on the day the Nile began to rise because that was the most important event to them. Astronomers noticed that the Nile’s rising happened at the same time the brightest star in the sky Sirrus, rose with the sun. By counting the number of days until the Dog Star again rose at dawn, they worked out a calendar of 365 days. They learned they needed to correct the calendar every so often by adding extra days, as we add a day in leap years. They also divided day and night into 12 parts, hours to us, and they created shadow clocks that marked the time by the shadow cast by an upright arm onto a horizontal arm, and water clocks. In water clocks the passing of time was measured by water dripping out of a hole at the bottom of a stone bowl.

Egyptian doctors were the most famous in the ancient world. Today some scholars call them “the first real doctors.” The people who were doctors were often priests as well. They were trained in the temple medical schools. Their medicine was a mixture of science, religion, and magic. In many kingdoms all over the Mediterranean if medical help was needed their services were at demand. Their medical writings include all sorts of magic charms and chants, but they had a lot of practical knowledge. They knew how to deal with broken bones, wounds, and fevers. It is said that they approached their study of medicine in a remarkably scientific way. An example of

Some topics in this essay:
Middle East, Ancient Egypt’s, , Dog Star, Demigods Thoueris, Yalu Egypt, Ancient Egyptians, ancient egyptians, clothes linen, sheep goats, building pyramids, water clocks,