Electrical stimulation is the application of electrical pulses to the body. Electrical stimulation is used for the following:

• Muscle strengthening or maintenance

• Joint mobility maintenance and increase in function

The differing application of electrical stimulation and current can result in differing physiological effects. “Electrical stimulation has the physiological effects of causing muscle contractions and increased beta-endorphin production”. Thus electrical stimulation can be used for a variety of treatments depending on the required protocol and desired effect. Electrical stimulation can be used in the following manner:

• Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) causes an increase in beta-endorphin release masking pain.

• Pulse Galvanic Stimulation is used in athletic facilities for muscle reeducation, edema and pain

Neuro-Muscular Electrical Stimulation article, from Yahoo health.

The area of the tissues that absorb the energy mainly in form of heat, receives an effect of trophic tissue improvement, an increase of the cellular metabolism, an increase of circulation, fluidity of the interstitial dissolutions (by thermal increase), nutritious exchange improvement, antiphlogistic effect.

Ultrasound is applied in two different ways

• absorbing the applied energy (kinetic) that´s transformed in intratisular heating.

• leading the waves by oscillations or vibrations in the same frequency of the ultrasound machine.

The tissues that vibrate transmitting the waves receive a therapeutic effect based on the micro mobilization, fluidity of the interstitial dissolutions (by mechanical agitation), molecular agitation and tisular elasticity.

To prepare the electrodes, clean them and make sure to get any residual gels or skin oils. Second if conductive sponges are used make sure to wet them with water, if water is not needed then apply an even coat of conductive gel to the electrode pads. Then last connect the leads to the unit and the electrodes themselves.

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