European governance. Illustrate your argument with reference to at least one of

the policy areas covered in part three Which are:- Choose one

The shared horror of Second World War and the decline of colonial Europe from the seat of world power into an arena of competition between the United States and the Soviet Union revived the ancient dream of European unity. In modern times, all countries of Europe had all conceived of one means or another to transcend nationalism which empowered the two world wars, and after 1945 a combination of factors made the dream of unity in Europe plausible. First, the Soviet threat gave western Europeans an incentive to unite for defence and economic recovery. Second, the very scale of the superpowers suggested that Europeans must bring together their resources if they hoped to play a major role in world affairs. Third, the devastating results of the two world wars had discredited nationalism and strengthened moderate democrats to take an advanced seat in post-war Europe. Fourth, integration was a means by wh

There are two broad contributions of the Commission to CFSP. First, the Commission plays a treaty-specific role in CFSP. The Treaty requires that the Commission be "fully associated" with the CFSP work, where it enjoys, along with Member States, a right of policy initiative, manages the CFSP budget line and brings to the CFSP debate the EC policy areas where it has a clearly defined role. Second, there is the Commission's role as external representative in all the European Community areas - this involves the Commission both in policy formulation in Brussels, and in the representation of EC interests throughout the world by means of its extensive network of delegations. The Commission is moreover tasked, with the Council, to ensure the consistency of the Union's external activities in the context of external relations, security, economic and development policies.

The European Union has been exploring new territory through the operation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). However, there has been two camps when evaluating the significance and the practical implementation of the EU in general and its specific bodies and treaties. On the one hand, a rather negative attitude is voiced, according to which the CFSP is nothing but a further formal elaboration of the policy alignment of European Parliament Code (EPC). According to this view, the CFSP will not lead to any substantive changes, because intergovernmentalism has been maintained. Consequently, the first camp argues that the modified institutional and legal framework, though constituting a formal reform, will not add anything in practice, because the achievement of objectives will continue to be entirely dependent on the political will of the partners involved.

• judicial cooperation in civil law

There can be little doubt about the general political importance of the domain of justice and home affairs. It seems hardly exaggerated to say that all these issues are much closer to immediate interests of the citizens than the question of a common currency or of a more efficient common foreign and security policy. The major role played by the topics of immigration and internal security in recent elections in some of the EU member states is one indication of the importance today's European citizens attach to these issues and of the political relevance they have already acquired at the national level. It is also within the domain of justice and home affairs that the Union will have to face some of the biggest challenges of the coming years, perhaps even decades. One is the continuing pressure of international migration and the abuses of their asylum systems which most member states are experiencing. The increasing flows of international migration and the abolition of internal borders inside the Union make it impossible for the member states to find adequate responses to this major challenge on an individual basis. A common response at the Union level appears to be more and more urgent. The same is true for another major challenge, that of the growing internationalisation of crime. In the fight against organised crime, international drug trafficking, terrorism the member states need to develop common approaches and to take common action in order to respond effectively to the increasing sophistication of international crime. Justice and home affairs must therefore be regarded as a central area of the Union's development. A failure of the Union in this area would not only mean increased risks for the internal security and stability of the member states but also a severe blow to the Union's political credibility.

Some topics in this essay:
Home Affairs, European Union, European Community, European Council, EU EU, Soviet Union, JHA Justice, CFSP JHA, EPC According, Maastricht Treaty, home affairs, justice home, justice home affairs, foreign security, security policy, foreign security policy, european union, common foreign, common foreign security, freedom security justice, foreign policy, security justice, border controls, freedom security, security policy cfsp,