An Affirmative Action Plan is a “careful, systematic analysis of who you’ve got, who’s out there, and how you are going to broaden opportunity. The plan creates opportunity. It’s not a quota machine. The purpose of goals and timetables in Affirmative Action Plans is to get employers to cast a wider net to find qualified applicants.”

Throughout the history of the United States of America the intense and controversial view of "equality" has been a hot topic. With that in mind, our founding fathers of this great country set forth the three theories of what every citizen should be entitled to; freedom, order and equality. Their perception of what equality meant has taken on many different definitions as we as a society have evolved and changed.

As a human being and especially as a citizen of the United States of America, I believe that civi

If our society would breakdown the stereotypical walls of prejudice, affirmative action would not be needed. But as history has shown, affirmative action has been defined, modified and removed in some sections of the laws that govern our very existence. I believe that until we as a societal unit become educated and tolerant of the complex country that we live in, these laws must remain.

Another change was to quickly ensue. In 1973 nearing the end of the Vietnam War, President Gerald. R. Ford extended affirmative action to people with disabilities and veterans of the war.

Another landmark case involving education at the collegiate level ensued in 1996. In Hopwood v. Texas, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled against the University of Texas, deciding that its law school's policy of considering race in the admissions process was a violation of the Constitution's equal-protection guarantee. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of the ruling because the program at issue was no longer in use.

In 1965, President Lyndon Baines Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, which required federal contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees treated without discrimination, a definition similar to that in Executive Order 10925. In 1967, President Johnson issued Executive Order 11375, which included sex along with race as an illegitimate basis of discrimination. The core principle of affirmative action is that of requiring "something more" of employers in order to overcome prior discrimination. In 1968, gender was added to the protected categories.

Over the course of the following years, the state of California did many things to implement affirmative action within it's own government. In 1981, in an executive order by Governor Jerry Brown gave the Secretary of State the power to implement affirmative action programs in any state department, board or commission that did not already give a yearly report to the governor. Following that order, the California State Personnel Board issued its goal to have the civil servic

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