After the defeat of France the victorious powers, Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia, concluded peacemaking recognising the 38 States of the German Confederation. Some of these states were newly created states while others were restorations of the Holy Roman Empire. Although losing eastern territory to Russia, Prussia was doubled in size after land in the Rhineland and Westphalia was granted to her, making her the dominant power in northern Germany.

Monarchies and principalities were in still in operation using their own courts and applying their own oaths of allegiance. However there were problems with newly established monarchs where loyalties had to be c

Against these ideas came the conservatistswho urged the importance of legitimacy, obedience and authority resting their arguments on religion and the “natural order”.

2) Poor harvest in 1830, as well as a rise in the price of bread.

Nationalism and liberalism entered the political domain. Nationalism was aroused through the product of print and communications as was liberalism which believed in the right to free speech, assembly and association.

Some topics in this essay:
Saarland German, Tension Nationalism, Customs Union, William III, Society Life, Germany Monarchies, Congress Vienna, Rhineland Westphalia, Austria Prussia, Russia Prussia,