The 1st juvenile court was established in 1899. However, it wasn’t until 1945 that all states has juvenile courts.

In the mostly rural society of the 19th century, parents ,churches, and communities punished children who committed crimes. Children were typically disciplined by force, sometimes brutally.

The urbanization that followed the industrial revolution in the last half of the 19th century posed particular problems for children. Many were subject to harsh conditions, including extensive poverty and child labor. At that time, children who got into trouble (whether by committing a crime or by being the victims of abuse or neglect) were often put to work or sent away to relatives. So-called “reform schools,” the precursors of modern juvenile halls, were also set up. The ostensible purpose of these schools was to ch

Cases involving minors who commit status offenses. A status offense is a type of violation that only a juvenile can commit. For example, a 14 year old who skips school (is truant) for no valid reason commits a status offense if the law requires all children under the age of 16 to attend school. An adult could not violate this law. Same procedures do not apply to dependency, status offense or juvenile delinquency cases. Even though juvenile courts may have jurisdiction over all 3 types of cases, different procedures typically apply to each.

ange or reform children, in part by giving them skills and training. In fact, these facilities were often little more than warehouse type jails, some with deplorable conditions, where most of the learning that occurred was how to become a better criminal.

Around the turn of the 20th century, many social leaders came to believe that reform schools we

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