‘The concept of freedom is the stone of stumbling for all empiricists, but at the same time the key to the loftiest practical principles for critical moralists, who perceive by its means that they must necessarily proceed by a rational method.’

---- Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, Preface

Immanuel Kant was born in 1724 in Konigsberg, Germany. He is undeniably one of the most influential philosophers in the realm of moral and political thinking.

Kant learned his philosophy in the German university system, which was dominated by the thought of Christian Wolff, himself a follower of Leibniz and the empiricism of David Hume. His greatest work ‘‘Critique of Pure Reason”’ is a synthesis of rationalism and empiricisnm both of which in themselves , he believed , gave a one sided view of knowledge. However, his writings was not on one sided subject, from science to mathematics to philosophy and politics. One of his work ‘Metaphysical Ground…’ Kant claims the commitment of categorical imperative is objective. The idea of freedom is not only demanded by a sense of duty , but it also compatrible with the law of casuality. . Man as a phenomenal being is casu

That all events in the sensible world stand in throughgoing connection in accordance with unchangeable laws of nature is an established principle of the Transcendental Analytic, and allows of no exception.

According to Kant, the ‘spatiality’ and ‘temporality’ of the things we experience are not , as far as we can know , characteristics of those things as they are in themselves. Whatever, we experience is completely subject to the law of cause and effect; we must think of every appearances as mechanically determined by an antecedent appearances. The realm of phenomenal appearances is thoroughly deterministic: In ‘Critique of Pure Reason ’ Kant wrote:

Kant is suggesting that all human actions are mechanically determined, and people are not capable to exercise free will. Note from the extract above, Kant compare freedom as nature. Nature is not the absolute reality, it has been mechanically determined. Nature is only as ‘appearance’ or ‘phenomena’. However, he also state that phenomena are appearances of things-in-themselves which we cannot know except through their empirical manifestations, and empirical causality, may be only effects produced by things-in-themselves. Even though our intuition is limited to empirical phenomen

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