Labor And Nursing
The feminization of labor started during the earliest phases of industrialization. During this time period men and women were usually paid the same wages and worked side by side in the same factories. By the twentieth century men had taken over the workforce, absolutely dominating the technological areas where people are paid the most. Only one in five women was paid for her work, and these women were paid very little. By the 1970s more women were drawn to work because of higher pay, and by 1990 three out of five women were paid for their work. This percentage is rapidly increasing, perhaps because of several changes in society. The U.S. price of living has increased, and many women have become employed to help pay this rising price (Appelbaum and Chambliss 1997). Many more women are graduating from college and other professional schools (Kilbourne 1995), and these women seek out the large amounts of job opportunities with higher pay that require higher education (Appelbaum and Chambliss 1997). But still, even though opportunities are becoming more equal for men and women, there is still a huge gender gap in the workforce. Surveys of the top Fortune 1000 industrial and 500 service companies show that 95 percent of senior level man
The glass ceiling is a firm fact in the corporate industry today. Women are unable to reach the top of the company they work for because of the invisible barriers society produces for them. If these companies would see how beneficial minor changes in their system could be for their overall productivity, the glass ceiling would be removed. As Elizabeth Perle McKenna says, all you have to do is “make the work fit into the [employees] lives so the company can continue to grow and be profitable and the employees can have working environments where they aren’t tearing themselves apart” (Jones 1997). Once this is accomplished, men and women will truly have equal opportunity to rise and fall on the corporate ladder. There is also the problem of appearances. When men work with a woman, they expect her to look a certain way. Many of them still hold the age-old stereotype that women should not be working side by side with men, and they do not like to be reminded of the fact that women are equals to them, if not their superior. A woman cannot look too feminine or sexy, because this reminds the men they are working with a woman, and they would probably get distracted from their work. But a woman also cannot look overly unfeminine, such as in the Price Waterhouse case where a woman was denied a partnership because “she didn’t wear lipstick” (Jones 1997). The men probably feel intimidated by manly women, and might not like that the woman is so close to them in the business ladder of success that she even acts like one of them, maybe even more so. The case is about making women disappear into the background so that men do not realize they are working with females because “men sometimes don’t like being reminded that they’re dealing with women.” Women should not accent their sexuality and bring it to people’s attention (Jones 1997). And once a woman dresses how she likes and acts how she wants to, it is different from the usual conformity of the corporate culture, and the woman is most likely not going to be hired. All of these additions would be beneficial to the companies who alter their policies. Once women start staying with the company after maternal leave due to more flexible hours, the company does not have to retrain new people to fill in the position. They have the women
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Approximate Word count = 1554
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
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