The land variously called Israel and Palestine is a small, (10,000 square miles at present) land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Some time between about 1800 and 1500 B.C., a Semitic people called Hebrews left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan. According to the Bible, Moses led the Israelites, or a portion of them out of Egypt and into Canaan, where they conquered other tribes and city-states. King David conquered Jerusalem about 1000 B.C. and established an Israelite kingdom over much of Canaan, but the kingdom was divided into Judea in the south and Israel in the north following the death of David's son, Solomon. Jerusalem remained the center of Jewish sovereignty and of Jewish worship whenever the Jews exercised sovereignty over the country in the subsequent period, up to the Jewish revolt in 133 AD.

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