United Nations Charter
In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to put together the United Nations Charter. On October 24, 1945, the Organization came into existence and is celebrated by many people all over the world. This occurred when France, the United States, China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and other signatories ratified the Charter. The Charter is the constituting instrument of the United Nations. It is responsible for setting out the rights and obligations of Member States, and establishing the Organization’s organs and procedures. Although the United Nations is much larger, there are six principal organs that should be recognized. They are the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. The United Nations’ purpose is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, and to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems. The last two purposes of the United Nations are to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedom and to be a centre for harmonizing the ac
ÿ International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia- established by Security Council Committee Resolution 808 concerning the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The Security Council has three basic mechanisms for expressing its opinion. The first mechanism is a press release that has the effect of transmitting the work of the Council to the media. The second mechanism is the President’s statement. It is issued at a separate meeting with the current President where the President can state his/her opinion on the situation before the Security Council. The third and most dominant mechanism is the Security Council resolution. The resolutions are brought upon all the United Nations member nations. If all members agree, it is carried out. However, if the member nations do not agree, the Security Council can ask the International Court of Justice for an advisory opinion or it can recommend the suspension of a nation’s privileges. WORKING GROUP ON GENERAL ISSUES ON SANCTIONS ÿ Security Council Committee established by Resolution 985 concerning Liberia ÿ Security Council Committee established by Resolution 1267 SECURITY COUNCIL’S FUNCTIONS & POWERS
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Approximate Word count = 1031
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)
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