Define the movements, which occur at the joint.

The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It allows extension, flexion and some rotation.

During knee extension, the wheel-shape femoral condyles travel like ball bearings across the flat condyles of the tibia until tension in the anterior cruciate ligament restricts further movement. This forward movement has two components that occur simultaneously. It begins with the femur sliding posteriorly on the posterior aspect of its condyles. Then as the femur begins to erect, its condyles roll forward, bringing them into full contact with the menisci. Finally because the lateral femoral condyle stops rolling before the medial condyle stops, the femur rotates medially on the tibia, which effectively ‘locks’ the joint into a rigid structure that can support our body weight.

When the joint is fully extended, all major ligaments of the knee are twisted and taut and the menisci are compressed. For flexion to o

Insertion Patella and tibial tuberosity via patella tendon

Piriformis - a lateral rotator of the extended thigh and medial rotator of the flexed thigh, which may also abduct the flexed thigh. Tightness here may alter the biomechanics of the lower limb. Also has a close relationship with the sciatic nerve, which may enter the gluteal region above, below or through the piriformis muscle.

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