Odysseus is a man that has achieved greatness in his life by using his logic and intellect. However, his character displays vices that could lead to his demise. He tends to be extremely prideful and arrogant. Odysseus’ confidence has made him unable to back down from any battle, which leads to more harm than good. Alkinoos’ son, Laodamas asks Odysseus if he would like to compete in sports with them, and Odysseus lightheartedly declines the invitation. Seareach then publicly questions Odysseus’ skills, and therefore his manhood, by saying, "[you] have no skill in any o

In Book Seventeen, Odysseus displays how he has evolved as a person once more. When he and Eumaios make their way to town, they run into the disloyal goatherd Melanthios. As they pass, Melanthios begins to taunt the pair, “Here comes one scurvy type leading another […] Swineherd, where are you taking your new pig, that stinking beggar there, licker of pots?” (317). This could be thought of as Odysseus’ first encounter with the enemy. Melanthios presents himself to be on the side of the suitors and calling them “scurvy type” is a direct insult to Odysseus’ empire. Melanthios goes on, “He’d rather tramp the country begging, to keep his hoggish belly full” (317). This statement is ironic because the suitors have been living off of others’ land, which truly makes them no better than beggars. This scene displays to the reader how insolent Odysseus’ opponents are. Melanthios also “kicked at Odysseus’ hip as he passed by. Not even jogged off stride, or off the trail” (317). Despite the fact that Melanthios had insulted him immensely, Odysseus restrains himself from killing the audacious man. Even though Odysseus debated slaying him, “[…] he controlled himself, and bore it quietly” (317). This behavior is a total contradiction of Odysseus’ prior character. The fact that he could stay in disguise shows that he has learned at least a few lessons in his wanderings. Although the book does not directly state that he considered past events in making his decision not attack Melanthios, one could assume that he has learned from his mistake with the Kyklops. This is a sign that Odysseus has actually become more secure of his manhood. By restraining himself against Melanthios, he could display a showcase of his manhood when it really mattered.

A scene in the book that better illustrates his vices is in Book Nine. When Odysseus and his men sail to the land of Kyklops, Odysseus’ curiosity and pride proves to be de

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