Human cloning is a type of genetic engineering, but is not the same as true genetic manipulation. In human cloning, the aim is to duplicate the genes of an existing person so that an identical set is inside a human egg. The result is intended to be a cloned twin, perhaps of a dead child. Genetic engineering in its fullest form would result in the child produced having unique genes, as a result of laboratory interference, and the

In 1977 the first real triumph of genetic engineering was the production of a hormone called "Somatostatin". It is a small molecule about 42 bases long, which meant that scientists were able to produce the hormone chemically. This hormone is usually produced in the pancreas. The E coli bacteria was then used as the host for the synthetic gene simulation which would eventually produce a hormone exactly the same as the body produces. This sort of experiment was a great breakthrough worldwide for it now allowed scientists to attempt to manipulate the human body cells.

Genetic Engineering has been studied consistently in some way or another over the past century. The first basic understanding came from Gregor Mendel a monk from the monastery in Brno, Austria. In 1856 he came up with some results from a garden pea inheritance experiment. The results were that characteristics such as the color of a pea flower and the height of the flower were inherited from both parents. Dominant genes from either side determine the formation of these genetic traits. This theory is but part of what genetics is made up of these days, but Gregor Mendel still came up with the first real insight to genes and how they work and are manipulated.

The outlook for the next 25 years is promising. The crystal ball gazers predict a strong U.S. economy, favorable interest rates, low inflation, continued technological advances in computers and biotechnology, global growth and development. If it all comes to be, America 2023 will offer a more diverse society, increased corporate profits, better career opportunities and improved health care.

With rapid globalization, U.S. exports of services and manufactured goods will continue to grow and fuel the nation's economy for years to come. By 2023, Asia will be as important to the world economy as

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