As the theoretical and professional foundations of multicultural counseling have progressed, a natural evolution has been the development of ethical standards to help regulate the practice of multicultural counseling. Ibrahim and Arredondo (1986) authored a proposal to develop specific ethical standards regarding multicultural counseling in the areas of education, research, assessment, and practice. LaFromboise and Foster (1989) also discussed this by bringing attention to other issues related to ethics in multicultural counseling that involved participants in research and right to treatment.

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Welfel (2002) offered a similar extended, nine-step model of rational ethical decision making. This model serves its purpose as a general model, but for specific dilemmas involving clients from diverse cultures, professionals would have to fill in the gaps or perhaps adapt the model to suit her or his cultural perspectives, because a cultural analysis is not provided.

Advocates for a virtue ethics model, Jordan and Meara (1995) relied on the personal characteristics and wisdom of the professionals making an ethical decision, instead of the ethical principles involved. Proponents of this model claim that it is very difficult to reach an agreement on which principle should prevail over another in a particular situation. Instead, they state that the primary factor in arriving at a decision is the professionals' moral or personal beliefs. Central virtues mentioned under this model include integrity, prudence, discretion, perseverance, courage, benevolence, humility, and hope. This approach has not been formulated into a format with specific steps, and, again, cultural analyses or implications have not been included in this model.

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Integrative Model, Model Step, Forester-Miller Davis, Collaborative Models, Decision-Making Model, Jordan Meara, Course Action, Herlihy Corey, Sue Sue, Model Davis, integrative model, course action, multicultural counseling, ethical decision, virtue ethics, transcultural integrative, transcultural integrative model, ethical dilemmas, ethical dilemma, ethical decision-making, social constructivism, forester-miller davis 1995, ethical dilemma resolution, ethical decision-making models, course action selected,