The TOWL-3 is divided into eight subsets. It is a norm-referenced battery of test designed to be used with children ages 7 to 17 years 11 months. There are two formats spontaneous and contrived. Each format has three components, conceptual, linguistic and cognitive. There are 18 to 28 items on the contrived subtests and 11 to 14 items on the spontaneous story-writing portions. Testing materials that are included are an examiner's manual, profile / story scoring forms, and two sets of response booklets, forms A and B. The examiner's manual outlines former editions of the TOWL published in 1978, 1983, and 1988. It comprehensively describes the foundations of written-language evaluation and procedures for administering, scoring, and interpreting the TOWL-3 (Collum & Yarger, 1996). It also explains reliability, validity and

Internal-consistency reliability: Mental Processing subtests: .62 to .92 (median .81); Achievement subtests: .70 to .95 (median .86); Global Scales: .84 to .97 (median .93) (“Kaufman Assessment,” 2003).

Validity: Data that correlate performance on both forms of the K-TEA with other achievement tests are presented in the manual. The other tests included the Wide Range Achievement Test, the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT), the Metropolitan Achievement Test, the Stanford Achievement Test, and the K-ABC. The test authors present data to support relatively strong correlations on most of these measures (e.g., K-ABC ranged from .83 to .88; PIAT ranged from .75 to .86) (“Kaufman Test,” 2003).

There are sixteen subsets for the K-ABC:

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