The 60's
The Sixties was a time when corruption and cultural conflict were prominent in society. One source states that it was also a decade that was defined by the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, riots, and assassinations. This tumultuous decade is expressed through the music. John Orman author of The Politics of Rock Music, writes that “Rock music reflects society.” Music is in Clive Davis’s phrase, “a footnote to the events within society.” The origin of popular music in the sixties, the Farber source states, is undeniably African American. Black innovators including Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Jackie Wilson, Aretha Franklin, James Brown, and B.B. King, never gained the critical or commercial respect due to them. White groups such as the Beatles, Rolling Stones, and the Young Rascals openly acknowledged their debt to the black music tradition, but all reaped the benefits far beyond those available to black artists. Many artists didn’t just use black tradition in their music, but they used great works by famous poets. Jim Curtis, author of Rock Eras observes, that if we compare Paul Simon’s “Fifty-Ninth Street Bridge Song (Feeling Groovy)” to Robert Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a
The Vietnam War affected the subject matter of songs in the sixties in a profound way. Robert Hillburn noted in his column for the Los Angeles Times (3 October 1982) Social reforms that were needed in the sixties were constantly being brought onto center stage. One source states that the student activism had some liberal white students taking their spring breaks in the South to join in freedom rides and bus boycotts with black brothers and sisters in the movement for full black equality. The Farber source says that the riots that took hold in Los Angeles in 1965 left 34 dead and 900 injured. 1967 saw riots in New Jersey and Detroit where police and national guardsmen killed 43 and wounded more than a thousand. This is when police brutality and corruption came to the forefront and put terror in the lives of many youth. Women’s liberation, and the sexual revolution were more reforms that were seen by society. Women started breaking out of their traditional roles and achieving new heights. The sexual revolution saw the relaxing and expanding of social mores. Many young women and men acted in defiance to the rules, but that didn’t make the rules irrelevant. They rejected a system of sexual controls. Thus music called most of these social reforms into the public eye. Society In Simon’s version the crux of the song occurs in a couplet: The woods are lovely, dark, and deep,
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Approximate Word count = 2368
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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