The British political system is one of the oldest and well-respected systems in modern politics. Known as the “mother of modern democratic political systems”(Mahler 183), and has served as a basis for developing countries to form their political systems around theirs. The British political ideologies fall under the classical liberal title. The British are more content with society, but still believe that reform is “possible, and indeed necessary, in society”(Mahler 33). This definition shows that the British are always str

Germany’s institutions of government show that the federal president has very few real powers. The decisions that the president makes are made with the advice of the chancellor. The chancellor holds the real power (he is also the chief executive), and Germany has been known as the “chancellor democracy”(Mahler 250). The Bundestag, the lower house of the legislature, is the center of legislative activity. The Bundesrat, the upper house, serves as a political voice for each Lander. The German electoral process combines single-member district voting with proportional representation. Political parties are included in the constitution, which differs from other nations. Overall, four parties have dominated the political system over time: CDU, CSU, FDP, and SPD. The Five Percent Clause, which forbids proportional representation unless receiving 5% of the second vote, has also made it difficult for smaller parties to penetrate the political system.

The Russian political system drastically contrasts most other political systems in Western and Eastern Europe. Due to the “persistent tradition of absolutism”(Mahler 365), Russia does not have a democratic history to draw examples from. Revolution has characterized the political and social status of Russia for hundreds of years. The ideology of Russia is referred to as Marxism. Each Soviet ruler (Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev) has used their own form of Marxism to justify their political moves. Due to each leader’s deferent views, the constitution of Russia has been changed and modified six times. Boris Yeltsin drafted the latest constitution in 1993. This constitution gave the president a great deal of power. The president nominates the prime minister and has the power to dissolve the Duma. Most Russians believe that having a constitution is a necessary evil: “necessary for providing external and internal legitimacy”(Mahler 374).

Britain, Germany, and Russia all have differing political systems that are affected by social, economic, and historical factors. The distinctiveness of each nation’s pol

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