To help quell this opposition by agricultural lobbyists California has provided some assistance to farmers to help them comply with the new standards with less out of pocket expenditure. One of the first criticisms from farmers was that some of the equipment still in operation would not be eligible for a permit and would need costly repairs and retrofitting and secondly that some of the units, although functioning adequately, financially do not merit the retrofitting by virtue of their age.

THE STANDARDS

The Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM) has admitted that the new EPA standards are aggressive and present significant technical and commercial challenges to manufacturers of farm engines and equipment. The new standards will probably require the use of new emission control systems such as particulate traps and catalytic converters. This will add an additional$2600-$3000 per unit. Large scale farming operations would be considerably impacted by the additional charge. In response to the new standards tractor technology must take into consideration new fuel specifications to use cleaner burning fuel. The goal of the manufacturers is to provide farmers with options such as rebuilding/replacing/re-powering or retrofitting.

The EPA emission standards were signed through the model year 2007. The most immediate environmental concerns were three-fold

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