To begin, Karl Marx was born in 1818 in the west German city of Treves. Treves belonged to Prussia and was the second most powerful of the many independent German states. The Marx's were a Jewish family; both father and mother had come from families of rabbis. Karl Marx was often teased as a youth because of his Jewish background, and consequently had very few Jewish friends. In addition, he was never ta

Karl Marx’s father had himself and his whole family baptized as Lutherans not because he admired Luther or believed in Jesus, but to save his career in what was officially Lutheran Prussia. Marx’s father wanted him to become a lawyer like himself and sent him through the best of schools in Treves. In 1835 Marx’s father sent him to study at the University of Bonn. It was at the University of Bonn that Karl Marx began to fool around and not take his studies serious. His father, in disgust, transferred him to the University of Berlin, which had a reputation for a more intellectual faculty and student body. Karl Marx’s father died in 1838 before he became fully aware of his son’s political aspirations.

In Marxist theory, all of these aspects of society are determined by the economic base. Ideologies are the ideas that exist in a culture. Moreover, an ideology is how a society thinks about itself, the forms of social consciousness that exist in any particular movement (Martin 64). Ideologies supply all the things that people believe in.

Marxists believe literature is a kind of illusion that brings false consciousness, new shape and structure to ideologies, and a use of language. In the Marxist view, literature produces false consciousness because all literature produced in a capitalist society could only reflect the capitalist ideologies. Literature does not reflect either the economic base or other ideology, but it works on existing ideologies and transforms them, giving these ideologies new shape and structure (Martin 77). Some Marxists believe literature uses language to signify what it feels like to live in particular conditions, thus it helps to create experience, not just reflect it.

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