Crimianl Justice

Definition one of crime is the most common and applied definition of crime. It states, “an act is only a crime when it violates the prevailing legal code of the jurisdiction in which it occurs”( p.10). Williams points Out that no matter how bad the crime is it must be considered A crime by the authorities Before it is actually a crime

Definition two states that only those criminals who have been adjudicated as such by the courts. The crime must be deemed to exist before one becomes a criminal.

Definition three adds conditions to definition two by stating the act must be legally prohibited when it is committed and the person must have criminal intent and acted voluntarily. These acts had to have already been documented with a penalty for its commission. This black letter law definition covers the behaviors that are considered

Definition five states that social groups create deviance. Deviant or criminal behavior exist because legal or normative prescriptions are violated. Crime is viewed as a consequence of social interaction. This involves a rule-violator the police or courts, lawyers and lawmakers defining this person’s behavior as criminal. Behavior is termed criminal by a process of social perception and how it is interpreted of the agents of the law.

Reports is that the information provided is not broad enough to make generalizations about crime in the United States (uniform crime reports).

The National Crime Victimization Survey (N C V S) series was previously called the National Crime Survey (N C S) and it has been collecting data on personal and household victimization since 1973. It is designed with four primary objectives : (1) to develop detailed information about victims and what the outcome of crime was, (2) to estimate the members and types of crime not reported, (3) to provide measures of selected crimes, (4) to compare over time and types of areas. The survey is in two categories “personal” or “property”. Personal crime covers rape, robbery, aggravated and simple assault and purse-snatching/pocket picking. Property crimes cover burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and vandalism. The data includes, type of crime, month, time and location of the crime, the relationship between the victim and the offender, Characteristics of the offender, self protective actions taken, type of property lost and the offender’s use of weapons, drugs, and alcohol. Age, race, gender and income are also collected. This information is collected by the U.S. Census, Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. This data is collected twice a year from a national sample of 49,000 households making up 100,000 persons in the survey.

Definition four adds that some moral criteria of social injury must be applied before a definition of crime is totally formulated. The American neo-conservative social policy analyst Charles Murray maintained that the increases in crime are definitely the results of a breakdown in family relationship and a growth in illegitimacy (Murray,1990).

Crimes usually were all associated with young males and mostly involved property abuses. The punishments were harsh an

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