Since the end of the Cold War, Europe has gradually evolved towards a broad notion of

security, which tends to conflate several notions into a security continuum, ranging from

illegal immigration to organised crime and international terrorism (Makarenko, 2002: 1)

This amalgamation discourse (Bigo and Leveau, 1992) is however not self-evident when

reviewing the particular national concerns with terrorism.

Despite ample evidence that terrorist groups are increasingly operating on a transnational

basis, national secret services have traditionally tended to focus their intelligence-gathering

operations on domestically active organisations. Indeed, the EU TE-SAT

reports that domestic (as opposed to international) terrorism

continues in certain EU countries. In France and Spain, ETA continued its terrorist activity,

and numerous attacks were carried out in Spain. The operational capability of ETA is

apparently maintained despite extensive law enforcement cooperation between French and

Spanish authorities. Also in Spain, the Spanish left-wing group Revolutionary Armed Groups

In parallel, a peer evaluation system was designed which allows mutual evaluation anti-

a written Constitution for Europe) (Walker, 2002: 320). Neither does there seem to be much

benefit of sponsoring terrorist activities, under the 1985 EC Directive on Money-Laundering.

agreement because of the absence of a relevant data protection regime at the federal level of

to consider starting up negotiations on similar agreements. Also, negotiations about mutual

NATO, with its formerly exclusive focus on military security, has incorporated new security

extradition between the Member States of the European Union (OJ C 313, 13.10.1996, p. 12).

decision-making system. In some respects, its functioning resembles that of the old Trevi-structure, but the

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