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Guilty By Suspicion


            Which should come first, your friend or your country? Honest people find they can take first one side and then the other - depending somewhat on which friend, and which country. But for the people in "Guilty by Suspicion" who were caught in the Hollywood witch-hunt, beginning in the late 1940s, the decision meant, in many cases, betraying your ideals, or losing your job.
             The House Un-American Activities Committee, convinced that Hollywood was full of subversion, held hearings into the alleged communist connections of many directors, writers and actors. Many of them had been members of the Communist Party or its front groups, especially in the late 1930s, when Stalin's Russia was seen as an ally against fascism. Most of those who testified before HUAC admitted their own political activities. Membership in any political party was perfectly legal, then as now, protected by the Bill of Rights.
             But HUAC wanted more than personal confessions. They wanted their witnesses to "name names," to list people they had seen at party meetings, or had heard were party members. Since this was hearsay evidence and the committee usually knew the names anyway, this process did not really further the campaign against subversion. It was a brutal process by which one group was offered public shame and humiliation at the hands of another.
             The HUAC members, drunk with the power they had over the rich and famous, gloried in the publicity they got by quizzing big stars John Garfield, playwrights Arthur Miller, Lillian Hellman and screenwriters Dalton Trumbo. The Hollywood studios fell right in line, blacklisting those people who would not "cooperate." So the classic debating question had become a nightmare reality: "Choose your friends, or your country.".
             Few government agencies have been more "un-American" than HUAC, more opposed to what the nation stands for. But red-hunting gave it such publicity that before long a senator named McCarthy saw the possibilities, and moved from Hollywood to the really big targets, waving a sheet of paper in the air and claiming it held the names of 500 highly placed communists in the federal government.


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