As early as 270 BC an ancient engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with moveable figures. In medieval times, automatons, human-like figures run by hidden mechanisms, were used to impress peasant worshipers in church into believing in a higher power. The automatons, like the “Clock Jack”, created the illusion of self-motion (moving without assistance). The “Clock Jack” was a mechanical figure that could strike time on a bell with its axe. This technology was virtually unheard of in the 13th century.

By the 18th century, miniature automatons became more popular as toys for the very rich. They were made to look and move like humans or small animals. Automatons like “The Pretty Musician”, built around 1890, were able to turn their head from side to side while playing an instrument with their hands and keeping time w

Through the rest of the 1960's several other breakthroughs which effected the robotic field came to be. In 1965 “DENDRAL” was the first expert system or program designed to execute the accumulated knowledge of subject experts. In 1968 the octopus-like tentacle arm was developed by Marvin Minsky, followed by the Stanford Arm in 1969, which was the first electrically powered, computer controlled robot arm.

Law Two: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law.

was built of human components, which could be held together by nuts and bolts. Shelly also thought that a robot had to be bigger that a regular person and had to have super strength.

In 1818, Mary Shelly wrote Frankenstein, a story about the construction of a human-like creature. For Shelly, a robot looked like man but had the ability to function like a machine. It

While the concept of a robot has been around for a very long time, it wasn’t until the 1940's that the modern day robot was born, with the arrival of computers. The term robotics refers to the study and use of robots; it came about in 1941 and was first adopted by Issac Asimov, a scientist and writer. One of the first robots Asimov wrote about was a robo-therapist. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor, Joseph Weizembaum, wrote the Eliza program in 1966, a modern counterpart to Asimov’s fictional character. Weizenbaum initially programed Eliza with 240 lines of code to simulate a psychotherapist. The program answered questions with questions.

Some topics in this essay:
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