Covey, the author of this book, began studying something called the Pylamon Effect, which studies expectancy theory and self-fulfilling prophecies. He read books as far back as 200 years and realized that as far as history goes, there is a pattern of humans solving their smaller problems, yet leaving the large problems to fester. The “Character Ethic” shows the principles needed by people to live life and be successful and happy. World War 1 changed the character ethic into the Personality ethic, which dealt with positive mental attitude. This allowed people to view the world and their surroundings differently and make themselves happy.

He explains greatness, of which he found two kinds, primary and secondary. Primary is more of a long-term attitude, while secondary is short term.

He defines a paradigm as an explanation of something else, and a paradigm shift as when someone views something differently then they would have before, kind of like an epiphany.

Covey states that people are not able to change their bad habits immediately, that people only move forward in life step by step, not drast

5. Seek first to Understand and then to be Understood

People must first learn to take the steps needed to reach their goals. Next, others must understand your goal. You must be able to check in with yourself and make changes as necessary and to be able to look at things from a different point of view.

By reaching this stage, a person has now gone through the levels of dependence, independence, and is working on interdependence. When the person in interdependent, they have become a leader, and can now influence other people. This habit describes how people who become successful must first begin to believe in themselves. They think of things in a win/win type of situation. Many people are restrained from becoming winners by having the Scarcity Mentality. This is where people believe that there are only so many things in the world, and when one person has a lot there is not as much for everyone else. This keeps a person from reaching their full potential.

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