Magna Carta Libertatum

Magna Carta Libertatum (Magna Carta) is a basic document, which proclaims rules that have become a part of English law and are now the foundation of the constitutions not only in every English-speaking nation, but also in the whole world. The Magna Carta, which means ¡§great charter¡¨ in Latin, is the document that established Anglo-Saxon¡¦s democracy and many of legal and political institutions. English barons and churchmen drew it up and forced the tyrannical King John (i.e., John Lackland) to set his seal on it in June 15, 1215 along the south bank of the Thames in a meadow called Runnymede. Therefore, if we want to find political agreement between king and people that settle the liberties of the people, or limit the power of the crown we can find it in Magna Carta.

The 1215 Magna Carta was legally valid for no more than three months. King John¡¦s son Henry III reissued it as soon as he came to the throne in 1216, again in 1217, and again in 1225. The last version had become law, enforced, confirmed, and interpreted by Parliament with a few changes in its form, but without allowing any new powers, legislative, judicial, or executive, to

„X Limiting the king¡¦s ability to levy scutage or feudal taxes without consultation;

On that date, Magna Carta was a general confirmation of liberties that the barons wanted. However, some of them they had possessed in the past, during the reign of Henry II. It comprised a variety of regulations, including:

„X Few chapters protected lesser free men from abuses by their own feudal lords.

„X Protection of widow¡¦s rights and the end of abuses of relief-John could require widows of his military tenants to remarry men of his choice and he could extract relief, or death duty from the heirs of his vassals;

„X Next to the clauses that were directly of benefit to the barons, a number secured the liberty of all free men. The most important was chapter 39, which forbade the king to condemn any free man, except by legal process. (¡§Nullus liber homo capiatur, vel inprisionetur¡K nisi per legale iudicium parium suorum vel per legem terrae¡¨)

Some topics in this essay:
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