First one must look into the societal structure of these two poleis. Spartan society was divided into three main classes. At the top was the Spartiate, or native Spartan, who could trace his or her ancestry back to the original inhabitants of the city. The Spartiate served in the army and was the only person who enjoyed the full political and legal rights of the state. Below the Spartiates were the perioeci, or "dwellers around or about." These were fore

ign people who served as a kind of buffer population between the Spartans and the helots. Because of this vital function, they were accorded a great deal of freedom. Most of the trade and commerce carried out in Sparta were performed by the perioeci. At the bottom, of course, were the helots. Athenian society was divided up in a similar manner. At the top were the citizens, who made up 40% of the population. They were the only people who could be landowners and were expected to serve in the army even though they had to buy their own equipment. Below the citizens were the Metics, who made up 25% of the population. They were the resident aliens living in Athens and were usually traders. Of course at the bottom came the slaves who made up 35% of the population. Clearly the societal structure of these two poleis is very similar.

In conclusion these poleis are both extremely famous in the history of Ancient Greece. To this day historians are still in awe about aspects of these two poleis. It is unfortunate that a war between the two eventually led to their downfall. Either way there is little doubt that they will be talked about for generations to come.

Women also differed in both of these societies. Unlike their husbands, Athenian women were forced to stay in doors at all times. They were controlled by their fathers through childhood and by their husbands after marriage. Mostly uneducated, except for learning how to read, they spent their time managing the household and slaves. They were only allowed to leave the house to attend certain religious festivals. In contrast with Athenian women, Spartan women led a free life and were allowed to leave their houses. They were required by state policy to have an academic and physical education. This grueling physical training helped prepare them for having healthy children. Like the men, they existed solely for what they could give the state. In this case, the state expected Spartan women to produce strong babies who would grow into robust soldiers. Clearly there were many differences in gender between these two poleis.

Next one must compare and contrast the government of these two poleis. During this time Greece was composed of hundreds of small city-states who governed themselves. Athens was the most populated. At first, tyrants ruled it. Then, in 507 BC, the city formed a limited type of democracy. Every month a new set of 500 citizens were chosen by lot to form a council to decide political matters. This Council would prepare legislation for the assembly. Any male citizen was eligible for this council (only 40% of population was a citizen). Another aspect of Athenian government was the Board of Ten Generals. This group was elected and dealt with the army and navy. In addition, this group was the only branch of the govern

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