those philosophies are Smith’s Laws and his notion of the ‘invisible hand’.

The Law of Accumulation deals with entrepreneurs, or “industrial capitalists”. (p. 63) Men with the humblest of beginnings, for example Richard Cartwright who was a barber’s apprentice in his younger years, could accumulate estates worth hundreds of thousands of pounds. The same would prove true over one hundred years later when men like Andrew Carnegie would accumulate corporate empires worth millions. Those who could become rich did and they kept amassing more and more wealth. The goal of the poor was to become rich, and the goal of the rich was to gather more wealth. Therefore, those who could afford to donate to charities disposed of the frivolous notion: “At the beginning of the nineteenth century, £2,500 was collected… for the foundation of Sunday schools… The sum total contributed by the largest employers in the district… was £90.” (p. 64) However, Smith’s Law of Accumulation does account for the welfare of the misfortunate. The same self-interest that motivated the entrepreneurs to accumulate would cause them better working conditions in order to attract more workers and produce more, for example, raise wages, build factories, and buy machinery, which provides “that wonderful division of labor which multiplies man’s productive energy.” (p. 64) This Law still does hold true in some respects; entrepreneurs do accumulate as much as possible, capital is reinvested into the companies so that the laborers do eventually benefit. Although, as with Smith’s other three tenets, time has changed the Law of Accumulation’s fine points. Entrepreneurs today accumulate such wealth that it is nearly impossible for all of it to get back to the laborers. Bill Gates for example, posses a wealth in the

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