The Stimulus-Response theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimulus) that occur in the environment. One of the principles of his theory is that behavior that is positively reinforced will reoccur.1. He also says that random, but immediate reinforcement is effective. The immediate reinforcement is needed to imprint the desired behavior on the learner. It is well known that behavior is affected by its consequences. Rewards and punishment are necessary so people will behave in different ways. In Operant Conditioning, behavior is affected by it’s consequences, but it is not trial-and-error learning. A schedule in reinforcement is important in maintaining certai

At the beginning of the 20th century, many psychologists were in favor of defining psychology as the science of behavior. The most prominent of these psychologists was J.B Watson, who later became know as the founder of Behaviorism.5. Watson believed the prediction and control of behavior to be a fundamental goal of psychology. Similar to Skinner, Watson also believed in a stimulus-response method in predicting and controlling behavior. The difference between the two is that Watson did not use the terms “stimulus” and “response” in as narrow a sense.6. He felt that speech was a form of behavior and that thought was a form of covert behavior. He explained thought by stating that thinking is accompanied by minute manipulations of the tongue and throat muscles. Watson believed that humans naturally had three basic emotions – fear, rage, and love. Feelings and sensations were not important. Watson’s ideas of child rearing were highly radical by anyone’s standards. He believed in treating children as small adults without any physical displays of affection. Watson had an enormous impact on the field of psychology. He changed psychology’s major goal from the description and explanation of states of consciousness to the prediction and control of behavior. Also he made overt behavior the almost exclusive subject matter of psychology.

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