work should never be forgotten in evaluating, say, the optimistic faith of An Essay on Man or the acidulous satire of The Dunciad. The affirmations of the former poem were not written out of ignorance of human suffering, and the vituperations of the latter poem cannot be understood apart from the contumely which Pope suffered at the hands of his adversaries—Lady Mary Wortley Montague, Lord Hervey, John Dennis, Joseph Addison, and Lewis Theobald, to name a few. Pope’s reference in Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot to “this long disease, my life,” is no literary confabulation but an accurate description of his sufferings (Adler Internet; Gurney Internet).

Pope’s masterful translation of the Iliad, from which he earned £9,000, enabled him to retire in 1719 with his mother (for whom he scrupulously cared until the end of her life) to Twickenham: a neoclassical villa des

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