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Chromosome Theory of Heredity

            Genes are segments of DNA that controls the proteins production and the cell cycle. Linked genes are genes that are inherited together; linked genes have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order. There are a total of three different types of linkage groups: 1. Non-linkage: Independent assortment of alleles. Genes on different chromosomes. 2. Complete linkage: Genes on a chromosome inherited as a unit. 3. Partial linkage: Intermediate behavior between non-linkage and linkage. From partial linkage analysis we can learn about the order and spacing of genes on chromosomes. .
             In prophase 1 chromosomes coil up and a spindle forms. Then in a step unique to meiosis, each pair of linked genes come together, matched gene by gene, to form a four-part structure called a tetrad. A tetrad consists of two homologous chromosomes, each made up of two sister chromatids .The chromatids in a tetrad pair so tightly that nonsiter chromatids from the linked genes sometimes actually exchange genetic material in a process know as crossing over. Genetic variation is very important for organisms, genetic recombination is the cause of the variation which is a reassortment or crossing over during meiosis. Genes do not exist free in the nucleus cell; they are lined up on chromosomes. Also linked genes are paired on the same chromosome.
             Chromosomes are cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. In humans the 23rd pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes, which determine the sex of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics. Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes; usually refers to X-linked genes. The female carries XX sex chromosomes, and the male carries XY chromosomes. Also, pairs of matching homologous chromosomes in somatic cells are called autosomes.
             Any change or random error in a DNA sequence is a mutation.


Essays Related to Chromosome Theory of Heredity

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Theory of Applied Genetics A scientific discovery that was made many years ago is what we call the theory of applied genetics. ... By the early 1900s, the discoveries of actual genes, the pairing up of chromosomes, and how chromosomes were carriers of heredity were made. ... By the 1920s to the 1940s, we now understand one step further into the theory of applied genetics. ... Each of the traits are crossed on a graph to give a child the dominant genes of their heredity. ... The theory of genetics is what we live by and how we are able to live. ...

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2. Genes in Sports

Athletes who are fortunate enough to simply inherit such genes from their parents credit the process of genetic heredity for some of their success. ... A human zygote receives 23 chromosomes from its mother and 23 chromosomes from its father. A homologous pair of chromosomes will be matched together based on similar genetic material. ... Genetic heredity can either give an athlete the traits needed to triumph over their sport or hinder an athlete's performance due to lack of the appropriate genes. ... The theory of sport genetics has baffled the minds of athletes and sports analysts ac...

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3. Nature Vs. Nuture

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4. Cells and Tissues

This led to the cell theory. According to this theory, all living things are made of cells, and all life activities of each organism take place in these cells. ... The nucleus also contains the materials of heredity called chromosomes. Chromosomes determine the sex of an individual. ... Through heredity, chromosomes pass on to an individual some of the traits of parents. ...

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5. The Causes Of Schizophrenia

As known, a person has twenty-three pairs of chromosomes; each contains one chromosome from each parent. In corresponding locations, called loci, of each chromosome, the genes for specific traits are located (Hemmings, 1989). Some researchers believe that problems with these genes, which are either from mutated chromosomes, or recessive genes, provide the explanation for the cause of schizophrenia. ... A second major group of studies looked at adopted children to examine the effects of heredity and environment. ... Support for this theory comes from evidence that indicates dopamine anta...

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6. genetic enginering

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7. Are People Born Criminals

Theory is an explanation that has not yet been proved. The theory of heredity has been traced back as far as the Old Testament. ... One theory was the extra chromosome theory, thus became popular in the 1960's and was made famous by a high profile criminal case where the defendant, Richard Speck, was said to have an extra Y chromosome. Human chromosomes when examined under an electron microscope can identify each gender, male and female. ... Years later it was discovered that Speck did not have an extra chromosome and the "XYY" theory went out of style as quickly as it became popular. ...

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8. Schophrenia

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9. Criminal Justice

Psychobiological theories are actually a more contemporary approach to the biological theories regarding the fact as to why crime causation has risen. ... Chromosome theory has also been an explanation for criminal behavior that has had taken place in the 1960's. Females have an XX chromosome because this is how it looks under an electron microscope. A male has a Y chromosome that is in place of the second, for a male pattern of XY. ... Biologists have a theory that crime can also be linked to heredity and the environment. ...

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