The human cognition is made up of a series of cognitive structures. The way these structures are organised, how they relate and interact with eachother constitutes the cognitive architecture. Long term memory is the structure in human cognition where information can be transferred and stored permanently and encoding is the processes of moving this information between the memory systems from sensory and working memory into long- term memory.

Long-term memory is the accumulation of the decisions that we have made about the nature of the world, including our own place in it. It is the totality of our knowledge of the world and the permanent repository for information gained throughout our lifetime. It is complex and appears to have a virtually unlimited storage capacity and an essentially indefinite duration. Information stored in long-term memory must therefore be well organized for efficient retrieval and the learner must be able to use efficient strategies for retrieving desired information from memory. If information is poorly organised in long-term memory or if schema structures are 'messy' as they are encod

The episodic-semantic relationship is essential in our day-to-day lives as we must have a broad enough band of factual knowledge in order to think and reason effectively (Semantic memory) and we also must be able to locate ourselves in space and time (Episodic Memory). As educators, most of the information we present to our students is semantic.

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