Botony

Many different scientific journals have been written explaining the effects of ice on different tree species. Alan Rebertus and fellow scientists studied storm damage at an old growth hickory forest called dark hollow, following an ice storm that occurred in Northern Missouri on December 6 and 7 of 1994

Craig Lorimer studied and compared the characteristics of stands within a steady state-northern hardwood and existing old growth forest in northern Michigan. Lorimer focused mainly on gap formation of small and large disturbances. The occurrence of large-scale disturbance also appears to reduce subsequent frequency of small gap by removing most of the older, susceptible individuals (Lorimer 1989). Even aged secondary growth stand make up most of North America ranging from 60-80 years old (Lorimer 1989). Gap are not created when trees die and if they do create gaps that are immediately filled in by crowns from trees on the opposite side(Lorimer 1989). Although no comparison of gap dynamics in young and old temperate hardwood have not yet been made available but evidence suggests that old growth forest may have higher rates of gap formation (Lorimer 1989). Lorimer characterized uneven aged hardwood stands, which is a series of small patches in different growth phase. Cutting of trees or groups of trees periodically created small gaps to maintain the look of an old growth forest. The future wooded landscape in many rural areas is likely to be more diverse in terms of species and structure than either the pre-settled forest or the present forest (Lorimer 1989).

, which produce 4.62 cm of frozen rain coating the trees. 27% of 1386 live trees were damages, 7% severe (Rebertus et al 1997). In 1993 the scientists conducted a pre-storm survey where 30 0.1 ha plots were established, spaced 80 meters apart (Rebertus et al 1997). They recorded the status of the trees whether the tree was dead or alive and crown classes, whether a species was dominant, co-dominate, intermediate, or suppressed. After two years in 1995 a post-storm survey was conducted to see the trees susceptibility following such an intense storm. The trees were put into groups 0,undamaged; 1, light; which was the breakage of small limbs, 2, moderate; which was breakage of small limbs approximately 15 cm thick, 3, servere; which was snapping of major limbs (Rebertus et al 1997).

Lemon had also studied the effects of a glaze storm in New York, but he mainly focused on forest ecology of ice storms. He studied how glaze storms effected not only tree limbs but also the composition of the tree

Some topics in this essay:
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