Coaxial cable consists of a single conductor at the core, surrounded by an insulating layer, braided metal shielding called braiding, and an outer cover called the sheath or wrapper. Networking signals that the coax cable carries travel over the central conductor; the remaining elements protect coax cable form external influences, whether electrical, mechanical, or environmental. There are other versions of coax called dual-shielded which surround the braided metal shield with an additional layer of metallic foil and quad-shielded which incorporates two layers of foil insulation and two layers of braided metal shield.

Coaxial cable has a broad frequency range. Coax

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) contains one or more pairs of insulated wires within an enclosing insulating sheath and is the type of cable used for telephone systems. Unshielded

Fiber-optic cabling trades electrical pulses for their optical equivalents, which are pulses of light. Fiber-optic medium is immune to interference because no electrical signal can pass through the cable and this makes fiber-optic cables highly secure.

A FDDI network has no hubs; devices generally connect directly to each other. Devices called concentrators can serve as a central connection point for buildings or individual sites in a campus setting. FDDI’s fiber-optic cables allow a maximum distance of 100 kilometers (62 miles) for any given ring. FDDI is an excellent technology to interconnect relatively close LANs from campus environments to metropolitan areas. Very fast, reliable, long distance, and highly secure are some advantages of FDDI. Expensive and difficult to install are the disadvantages.

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